Economy
Why the Rupee Holds Its Breath: Inside Pakistan's FX Reserves Arithmetic
The exchange rate is not a number — it is a verdict on import cover, debt maturities, and confidence. We break down the arithmetic.
The exchange rate is not a number — it is a verdict on import cover, debt maturities, and confidence. We break down the arithmetic.
Headline CPI has cooled from its peaks, but price levels — not price growth — are what households live with. The distinction matters.
Estimates put Pakistan's undocumented economy at a third or more of GDP. What that means for tax capacity, credit, and growth.
Three months of import cover is the line the market watches. Here's why that threshold exists and what crossing it triggers.
Rare months of surplus make headlines. The harder question is whether they reflect strength — or suppressed imports.
When interest payments consume the largest budget share, every other line item becomes a residual. The structural picture.
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